James hendekson



JAMESHENDERSON, on nnWyoRK, n.' Y., AssIGiTon on oNElH'ALFTo cnARLns o. FRANCKLYN; oF sA'Mn rLAjcn l ARTV'QFMMANYUEQru-RING-l son AND STEEL.

srEcI'FIoATIoN `forming?" part .of nette-fs :Patent No. gsoldua'tea June 2o,A isos.

"Application-fuga necesiten-131881. N9 stainless; lrntmn in Engr-and A'pn 1n, 1.814, No. 1,2m.

To all whom t may concern.- l l 1 Beit known that I, JAMES Hnnnnnsomcf the city, county, L and State of New York, have inventeda newand useful Improvement in 5 the Art of Manufacturing Iron and Steel 5, and` fthe following is a: full, clear, and exact, de,-` scription ofthesame. The object oi'thisinvention is .fthe removal ofthe 'impurities from mixed metal-,that is,

10 `Wrollghtfor scrap l-iron" o1'-steel mixed with cast-iron-Tcontaininganexcess o fpliosphorus,`

.and tlie production of -castgsteel torn homogeneousnialleable .iron therefromg To this end i the phosph4 ric mixedgmetalgin a molten .y conf5 )dition is Vjsu'bj ected' toatheationeof-basic reagenis.uhilereinoxzedor-frecfromentactiwithf silicions substances, eslinings' to thelcontain;`

ing-vessehfor'the purpose of removing the 4, y phosphorus andotherdeleterious su'bstancees` 2Q frofn it, and a compound containing manga-v nese may be 'added to give steely'qualities, as hereinafter more specifically described..` By-l phosphoric mixed metal is incanta; mixture of Wrought and east` iron `which contains too .'25 .much phosphorus to lnakepseful' st'eel when' .treated -by any of the:processesfheretofore kno'wnlzf- In practiein'gthe. iuy-lention told or'yscrap."

y wrought-.ironmay be nieltedin a Besseiner;

high-pressure cupola, or in a Siemensregen# lerative steelnieltingA furnace i or 'cupola` or in any other suitable furnace,withthe addition, of cast-iron, and` either the Wrought-immer cast must be phosphoric, oribth may be; and. n

3 5 `the melted mixed metal themrun' into axre I yerber'atoryj steel-melting" furnaceand-subjected thereinto fthe actionI oireagents,` f Ntvfitliout'-contact with 'silioioisor carbonaceous l 4, substanceas liiiiigsorthe purposeof purify,-

` 4o .ing the metal. When'the Wrought-iron is 1'nelt.".

ed as above described with ,the-:addition of cast;

iron, it :makes a mixednetal-Which is aeojinfA 100111111 0f irmifarbolt and'phsphorvs which is conyer'ted into l cast-steel or homogeneous 451:inalleable!iron Iwhen subjected tothe action' of;

the basic regents, as hereinaitr'described.

}."1he 'f bsioj reagents: which IV have `used 'with success"aieiuorfsparjand the sesqui, or per oxide of'iron, or titaniferous rofn orefand the ,5o relative proportions in ,'whioh have;- used these materials areas follows, forty parts,

by weight, dfirou ore, the object being to' provide a basic reagent to absorb the 'phosphorus' vits actjon. If, for example, the ,inixedmetal 'phosphorus inthe melted metal sqbjectedto"f` .6.0

contains one' -per cent., ofcarbo and'one per Y cent. of phosphorus, the amount of basi'c'reagents may be three hundred-weight foreach ton of meltedmixedmetal subject to the/action of l said reagents, and this quantitymay bedim'in-,V

"ishedfor increased pro mtofas'te percentage' carbon', ur;oi"phosphorus, oikof 'silicbin `oi-f' of any'or all present in the. mixed' metall. isz less or greaterthan :as above',Inentioned.l

describedpreferablyinor-spar andtitanifer ons iron".l ore-are "reduced-to powder` and thoroughly mixed, and the mixtureis applied to theisides and bottom 'of the hearth of the reverberatory or. other suitable -st`ee1-converting furnace, and` isfreneed viscid heals@v or: l inay use 'pnlverlze'dich arcoal-and oxide of;l li'nanganese, or carbonate, l of manganese; and z `iizolfrann,- (-oliionle iron ore and charcoahand '-iila'ce'any of these 'misti-tres. on the .silicions .lining of thehearth; and cover the sagnewith sheetironfand then place the basizicA reagents upon this sheet-irocovering; A The k'nd ofgfu' /naceWhichT prefer toV emi l The 'Ineferi-ed inodeof.',p4ractioingl the in- Vention is as follows: VThe basic reagents above basicreagents 'is a'ip'veiberatory gas-fui'vhace constructed wit `arevolving movable hearth,

as described., inzLetters-:fatent No.` 267,525,

levolved bythe combustion offbitnminons coal, Y

is heated fo a'white heat and is introduced int-o the melted pig-iron. 'lo insure the liquidity ofthe melted metal it is preferred to addy to the melted metal liquid gray pig-iron (melted. [in a separatefurnaee) in thel proportion, by -5fweig`ht, of about .sixteen per cent. of theen3 l--;tiref charge; f 'The melted mixed metal is then tapped oiffromthe melting-furnace, and is run into the teel-.c'onverting furnace previously e prepared with the-basiclreagents hereinbefore re described, and is-theifeinsubjected to the ac- `'tion'of heat` additional to the iron for a suf- -IicientI time-'to fremoye' the :phosphorus and 'mcrejor'less ofthe carbon,accordingto the desired conditioner themixed metal after -its treatment,which' may be from ten to thirty minutes. The 'purified melted-mixed metal 1s then tapped andrun into ingets. The "action of the additional 'heat' maintaining the metal in a' liquid condition during v the action'of the -zo good ing-ots.

It is generally preferred in produeingcaststeel or-liomogeueous Vmalleable iron by the ,mode above ydescribed to employasufcient quantityof the basic reagents to insure the re v moval of all the carbon and afterward-to car- Ibonize the purified product with spi'egeleisen,

' ferrdinanganeSe, or a compound2 of iron, carbon, and manganese added to the metal in the 3o treatingfurnace.

The hearth ofthe furnace in which the :'-nielted ironi's subjected to the action'of thek -basic reagentssimultaneously with the applileation of additional heat may be of cast-iron, i5/with a lining of refractory` material, such assaini, fire-clay, .ganster, or a mixture .of theseyor the material for making steel-melting crucibles' may be employed, and if the lining material be silicions or carbonaceous. yit

v4o should be covered with sheet-iron before the reagents are charged upon it; o'rthe furnace# hearth'may belined, as described lin my English vP affentNol 1,051 of 1870,*Witlli1ne orl f limestone, or with magnesia, or with manguesian lime or limestone magnesiau' lime being preferred fortliat purpose. Care must at all times be used to prevent the charge from coming in contact with silicious or carbonaceous linings' lduring the time that the basicreagents 5o are acting to purifythe metal, to obviate the forming of., lan-acid slag from-'the silicious lin- :ing, which wouldpreyentthe yproper and suc-` cessful action o f the basic reagents in'the removal ofthe f phos'phorus', or lto prevent the 5' metalfrom' becoming carbonized by lContact j with'theicarbonaceous lining.

- I hat the 'purerq'ualitiesof cast, glit 1 onf Which-are free or suiiiciently' iin @mouwenthis-sindone iinniggaiu'ringthef p ro'eess of purification, which wculdbeiiin traceable-whenmetal sustaining'ia deletes reagents renders it suiiicientlyliqud to make?l ho'ksphorus for vpractical purposes,

id carbon removed'by the use of o'xideQof ron or? scrap-'i'ufong` but such-process' @Balm @rions proportion of phosphorus-was 'used in that process. f`

fl donot claim herein the mixing of Wrought- 7o ironand cast-iron together non the refining lof the purer qualities of cast-iron alone by the use of manganiferous or iron ore and adding thereto Wrought-iron, nor the refining of the4 purer qualities ofcast-ironand wrought-iron 7 5 bythe use of `oxide of iron when melted together in contact Withia siliciouslining to the containing-'Vesseh What I claim as new, and desire to see-ure 1.' The'process of :manufacturing `steel or homogeneous malleable iron from phosphoric mixed. metal, consisting of the melting .of Wrought-iron and cast-iron, eitherl of which isA phosphoriaand `mixing the twometals to- 851 vgether, and maintaining this compound of iron, carbon, and phosphorus in a molten con- .dition by additional heat in a furnace withA basic reagents, free from' Contact withsilicious substances, as a lining to the containinggo vessel,to remove carbon and phosphorus, and finally adding' a. compound of iron, carbon, andmanganese to give Steely qualities to the metal, substantially-as specified. l

2. The process of manufacturing steel or homogeneous malleable iron from' phosphoric mixed metal, consisting of the ymelting of wrought-iron-and'cast-iron, either of .whichis phosphoric, and mixing the ltwo metals together, and maintaining this compound of roo iron, carbon and phosphorus in a moltencondition by a 'ditional heat in a furnacev with a -iluoride and an oxide, free from 'contact'with silicious substances, as a lining to the containing-vessel, to remove carbon and phosyphorus, and finally adding acompound of iron, carbon,.' and manganese to givesteely" guilities to the metal, lsubstantially as speei- 43. The' process of manufacturing steel' or` 11o homogeneous malleable-iron from phosphoric mixedmetal, 'consisting of the melting of Wrought-iron and cast-iron, either of which is phosphoric, and mixing the' two metals toiron, carbon, and phosphorusin amolten conditioniby additional heat .in a furnace Withbasic reagents, free from contact with silicious substances, as a`A lining tothe containing-vessubstantialy as specified.

l .lioniog'eneou''si'mailcable iron, consisti-ngfof the melting of l Wroughiriron and cast-inem? either;

contactwith silicioussubstances, as' a- 'ning 13o to theoontainingwessel, toremoy caigorand phosphorus, 'substantially Fspeeie Y, i ':gxf i.' Vj,

5. The process lof;inam1facturingl steel or gether,l and maintainingthis compound of 115 setto remove the' carbon md'flphosphmusfelzo 4'.v The' process .of ,manufacturing-steelpor "f which'is phosphoric, and'fmixin'githetwoI 125' @eamo homogeneous malleable iion, consisting of the l and mixing theA two -metals together; and mainmelting off Wroughtiron and castiron, either,

of which is phosphori@ and mixingl the two nietals togetheiyand`maintaining this coni- 5 pound .of iron, carbon, andphosphorus in a molten condition by additional heat in a oali oareous-lined fuina'ce with basic reagents. f

,6. The process of manufacturing; steel o1' homogeneous malleable iron from phosphoric ro iron, consisting` of the melting of wrought-iron and cast-iron, eitherr of which is ph0spho1ji-c,'

taining this compound of ironJ carhonyand phosphorus in a molten.y condition by addii v tional heat in a calcareous-lined furnace with a calcareous reagent and oxide o f iron.

In witncsswvhereofhave.` hereto set my hand this 10th day of Decemher, A. D. 1881. JAMES HENDERSON -Wtnessesz t EDW. R. BREvoonfi, 

